The reason why hate crimes carry a larger punishment is because they harm the person directly hit and emotionally an entire community. I.e. the damage is greater than a regular crime. When I was 18 a swastika was painted on my dorm room door. It didn’t make me fail school but I lived in fear. I couldn’t sleep. I missed work and paychecks (I was working to pay for school). I missed classes. In the work place, I’ve been kept out of groups. But the larger community is mostly fearful of physical harm. Jews are regularly beat up and threatened in America. Especially the outwardly Jewish ones. How some Jews cope is to try to white pass and assimilate. How others cope is to use our culture that speaks of strength, education and perseverance. To work harder. At the same time, I wouldn’t own a gun if I didn’t have this fear. I wouldn’t ask my kids to take off their yarmulke in certain environments if there was no legit fear. We cope lots of ways. My biggest coping tools are to spread my own kindness, fight against Jew hatred while simultaneously fighting against racism against Black people. Too much more to type here but there’s a flavor.